What the OGTT Measures
The OGTT measures how your body processes sugar over time.
Here’s what happens:
You fast overnight, have your fasting glucose (and sometimes insulin) checked, drink a sweet glucose solution (usually 75 grams), and then have your blood drawn at set intervals — typically at 1 and 2 hours after.
Think of it as a stress test for your metabolism — it’s watching how quickly your body can clear sugar and how hard your pancreas has to work to do it.
The Insulin-Paired OGTT
The standard OGTT measures only glucose.
The insulin-paired version adds another layer — it measures insulin levels at those same intervals.
That’s huge, because glucose alone doesn’t show the effort your body’s making to keep things normal.
Someone can have a “perfect” glucose curve… but sky-high insulin levels working overtime behind the scenes.
That’s early insulin resistance — and it’s reversible if you catch it early.
Why the OGTT Matters
The OGTT can catch metabolic changes years before fasting glucose or A1c flag anything.
It helps identify:
Early insulin resistance (high insulin but normal glucose)
Reactive hypoglycemia (blood sugar crashes after a meal)
Gestational diabetes (in pregnancy)
Type 2 diabetes (when both glucose and insulin are elevated)
It’s one of the best ways to see how your body’s responding to real-world stress — food, hormones, and daily life.
And if you’ve ever been told, “Your labs look fine,” but you know your energy, cravings, or weight don’t match that… the OGTT can give you clarity.
Understanding Your Numbers
Typical 2-hour OGTT glucose ranges (using 75g glucose):
| Test Time | Glucose (mg/dL) | What It Means |
|---|
| Fasting | <100 | Normal |
| 1 Hour | <180 | Normal glucose handling |
| 2 Hour | <140 | Normal |
| 2 Hour | 140–199 | Impaired glucose tolerance (prediabetes) |
| 2 Hour | ≥200 | Diabetes |
Now, if insulin is tested too, here’s what to look for:
| Test Time | Insulin (µIU/mL) | What It Means |
|---|
| Fasting | 2–8 | Optimal |
| 1 Hour | 30–60 | Normal response |
| 2 Hour | 20–40 | Returning toward baseline |
| >60 at 2 hours | Suggests insulin resistance | |
⚠️ Note: Ranges vary slightly by lab. Always review your results in context — high insulin with “normal” glucose is still an early warning sign.
Factors That Affect OGTT Results
A few surprising things can throw off your results — or even mimic blood sugar issues:
Stress & cortisol: Chronic stress raises glucose and insulin.
Poor sleep: One bad night can spike next-day readings.
Diet before testing: Extreme low-carb or fasting diets can make results look worse than usual.
Hormonal changes: Menstrual cycle, PCOS, or perimenopause can alter glucose tolerance.
Illness or inflammation: Even a cold can change insulin sensitivity temporarily.
Medications: Steroids, birth control, and thyroid meds can affect readings.
The goal isn’t perfection — it’s understanding how your body actually responds.
Supporting Healthier Glucose and Insulin Balance
Balancing blood sugar doesn’t mean cutting out every carb — it means working with your body’s natural rhythms.
Here’s what helps most:
Start meals with protein or fiber. It slows the sugar response.
Move after eating. A 10-minute walk lowers glucose and insulin naturally.
Get sunlight in the morning. It helps regulate circadian rhythm — and blood sugar.
Prioritize sleep. Insulin sensitivity improves overnight.
Manage stress. Cortisol spikes are often the first domino to fall.
Don’t under-eat. Restrictive dieting can raise cortisol and worsen insulin resistance.
Small, sustainable shifts can change your whole glucose curve — and how you feel every single day.
